3. Compositional Aspects
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3. Compositional Aspects
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General Foods
Uzbekistan
This section provides the compositional requirements for the food category and/or food products in scope and information on permitted nutrients, ingredients, and additives.
3.1 Composition Requirements
The law does not specifically restrict the content of micro- and macro-nutrients in general food products. The restrictions on the content of micronutrients / the content of biologically active ingredients (e.g. vitamins and micronutrients) are placed for specialized (dietary) products and food supplements. [1]
3.2 Raw Material Requirements
Please refer to Section 3.2 of category-specific guidebooks for category-specific raw material requirements.
3.3 Fortification
Fortified food products – are those to which or more food and (or) active substances and (or) probiotic microorganisms have been added that were not initially present in it, or were present in insufficient quantities or lost during the production (manufacturing) process; at the same time, the content of each food or biologically active substance used for fortification guaranteed by the manufacturer must be brought to a level that meets the criteria for food products - a source of food substance or other distinctive features of food products, and the maximum level of content of food and (or) biologically active substances in such products should not exceed the upper safe level of consumption of such substances when supplied from all possible sources (if such levels exist) [1]
Limits are set for micronutrients in enriched flour.[1]
The following micronutrient limits are set for enriched 1st category and premium category flour (the content of micronutrients in enriched flour is to be determined by the iron content levels) ([1,2]):
Minerals (in mg/kg)
- Iron - 16,0-40,0 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 40-60 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098 [4])
- Zinc - 26,0-50,0 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 15-30 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098[4])
Vitamins (in mg/kg)
- B1 - 1,3-4,1 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 1,6-10 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098[4])
- B2 - 1,8-5,2 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 1,4-12,0 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098[4])
- B3 - 9,9-29,0 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 10-40 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098[4])
- B9 (folic acid) - 06,0-1,9 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3]) or 1,0-4,0 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 1098[4])
- B12 (cyanocobalamin_ 0,002-0,006 (if enriched in accordance with O’zDSt 3221 [3])
3.4 Other Permitted Ingredients
No specific requirements are identified. There is a general requirement that any food product must not harm human health and comply with the set safety restrictions, including microbiological, chemical, and radiological safety. [1,5]
3.5 Permitted Additives
The requirements for the use of food additives, including the list of permitted food additives are set out in the Sanitary Rules 0296-11 Hygienic Requirements for the Production, Circulation, and Regulation of Food Additives [6]. The Sanitary Rules also provide a list of food additives that have a negative impact on human health and must not be used (Table 1 below).
The Sanitary Rules also list permitted food additives for General Food as well as indicate any restrictions that are applicable to a particular food category (e.g. bakery products).
The shelf life of food additives cannot exceed the shelf life of the raw materials and components used in these additives. The shelf life of food additives must not be more than 3 years.
When including a food additive in food products, any ADI (acceptable daily intake) or equivalent safety ratings established for the food additive and its possible daily intake from all food products by the population of the country must be taken into account.
If a dietary supplement is used in foods for special consumer groups (e.g., diabetics, people on special medical diets, and patients on special liquid diets), the likely daily intake of the dietary supplement by these consumers should be taken into account.
Table 1: List of food additives that have a negative impact on human health and that must not be used [6]
N | Name of the Additive | E index |
1 | Alkanet | E 103 |
2 | Yellow 2G | E 107 |
3 | Citrus Red 2 | E 121 |
4 | Amarant II | E123 |
5 | Red 2G | E 128 |
6 | Flavoxanthin | E 161а |
7 | Kryptoxantin | E 161 c |
8 | Rubixantin | Е 161 d |
9 | Vyoloxantin | E 161 e |
10 | Rodoxantin | Е 161 f |
11 | Orchil | Е 182 |
12 | Heptil p-Hydpoxybenzoate | E 209 |
13 | Propyl p-Hydpoxybenzoate | E 216 |
14 | Sodium propyl p-Hydpoxybenzoate | E 217 |
15 | SODIUM FORMATE | Е 237 |
16 | CALCIUM FORMATE | Е238 |
17 | Hexamethyltnt tetramine | E 239 |
18 | Gum gualcum | E 241 |
19 | DIMETHYL DICARBONAT | Е 242 |
20 | Nicotinic acid | E 375 |
21 | Fitic acid | E 391 |
22 | Mineral oil, food grade | E 905 a |
23 | Petrolatum (Petrolium Jelly) | E 905 b |
24 | Benzoin gum | E 906 |
25 | Azodicarbanamide | E 927 a |
26 | Dichlorodifluro-methane | E 940 |
27 | Chloropentafluoroethane | E 945 |
28 | Octafluorocyclobutane | E 946 |
29 | Glycyrrhizin | E 958 |
30 | Proteases (i-protease; ii papain; iii-bromelain; iY - ficin) | E 1101 |
31 | Glucose oxidase | E 1102 |
32 | Lipases | E 1104 |
33 | Allyl mustard oil | - |
34 | Red for caramel NN 1, 2 and 3 | - |
35 | Oxidant, oxyethyl succinate-21 | - |
36 | Hydrogen peroxide | - |
37 | Polyoxyethylene | - |
38 | Santohin | - |
39 | Ultramarine | - |
40 | Piper betle L. | - |
41 | Piper methysticum (kava-kava) | - |
3.6 Permitted Flavors and Colors
Colors
The list of permitted colors and flavors is provided in Annex 2 of the Sanitary Rules 0296-11 Hygienic Requirements for the Production, Circulation, and Regulation of Food Additives. [6]
Examples of permitted colors:
Е100 | coloring | 50,0 mg/kg |
Е101 | coloring | 300,0 mg/kg |
Е102 | coloring | yogurts - 18,0 mg/kg; marmalades- 100,0 mg/kg; other products, total colorings - 300,0 mg/kg |
Е104 | coloring | 100,0 mg/kg |
Е110 | coloring
| yogurts - 12,0 mg/kg; mayonnaise - 100,0 mg/kg; marmalades - 200,0 mg/kg; other products in general colorings volume - 300,0 mg/kg |
Е120 | coloring
| drinks - 150 mg/kg; bakery fillings - 300,0 mg/kg; other - 200,0 mg/kg |
Е122 | coloring | 57,0 mg/kg |
Е124 | coloring | 30,0 mg/kg; in sauces - 200 mg/kg |
Е129 | coloring | 100,0 mg/kg |
Е131 | coloring | 20,0 mg/kg |
Е132 | coloring | yogurts - 6,0 mg/kg; other - 200,0 mg/kg |
Е133 | coloring | Milk desserts - 150,0 mg/kg; confectionery - 300 mg/kg; fish - 500mg/kg; dietary products - 50,0 mg/kg |
Е140 | coloring
| mayonnaise - 500,0 mg/kg; other - 200,0 mg/kg; other products in the total volume of colorings - 300,0 mg/kg |
Е141 | coloring | Sugar and syrup - 64,0 mg/kg; other - 100,0 mg/kg |
Е142 | coloring | confectionery- 200,0; purees and drinks - 10,0 mg/kg |
Е143 | coloring
| drinks - 100,0 mg/kg; confectionery - 200,0 mg/kg; bread and rolls - 100,0 mg/kg, marmalades- 100,0 mg/kg; sauces - 200,0 mg/kg |
Е150а | coloring | 150,0 mg/kg |
Е150Ь | coloring | 150,0 mg/kg |
Е150с | coloring | 150,0 mg/kg; mayonnaise - 500,0 mg/kg; sauce - 1,5 г/кг |
E150d | coloring | Processed cheese - 100,0 mg/kg; jams- 1,5 г/кг; other - 150,0 mg/kg |
Е151 | coloring | 12,0 mg/kg |
E152 | coloring | Not restricted |
E153 | coloring | Not restricted |
E155 | coloring | 150,0 mg/kg |
E160a | coloring | butter - 25,0 mg/kg; cheese - 1,0 г/кг; mayonnaise - 100,0 mg/kg; oils - 600,0 mg/kg; drinks - 200,0 mg/kg |
E160b | coloring | cheese - 600,0 mg/kg; butter - 20,0 mg/kg; mayonnaise - 100,0 mg/kg; other - 200,0 mg/kg |
E160c | coloring | 100,0 mg/kg |
E160d | coloring | 100,0 mg/kg |
E160e | coloring | 100,0 mg/kg |
E160f | coloring | mayonnaise - 100,0 mg/kg; oils - 25,0 mg/kg; jams - 200,0 mg/kg |
E161b | coloring | mayonnaise - 100,0 mg/kg |
E161g | coloring | 30,0 mg/kg |
E162 | coloring | 500,0 mg/kg |
E163 | coloring | Not regulated (no restrictions set) |
E170 | Surface coloring, anticaking agent, stabilizer | Dry serum - 10,0 г/кг; bakery - 50,0 г/кг |
E171 | coloring | 10,0 mg/kg |
E172 | coloring | Milk drinks 20,0 mg/kg; processed cheese - 50,0 mg/kg; puddings and yogurts - 100, mg/kg; food ice - 300,0 mg/kg, bakery - 100,0 mg/kg |
E174 | coloring | 0,1 mg/kg |
E175 | coloring | 30,0 mcg/kg |
The list of prohibited synthetic colors is provided in Annex 7 to Hygienic Norms for Food Safety, 0366-19 [1] and includes: E103, E107, E121, E123, E125, E127, E128, E142, E154, E171, and Sudan I, II and III.
3.7 Permitted Processing Aids
All permitted food additives are listed in the Sanitary Rules 0296-11. [6]
There is no consolidated specific list of permitted processing aids. The lists of permitted processing aids are set out in some product-specific technical regulations (e.g. on juice products).
3.8 Additional Notes
Novel Food [4]
The law does not provide any clear definition of “novel food”.
All organizations that develop or manufacture novel food or those improving existing food must justify its safety, durability, and quality parameters as well as control methods.
Indicators of the quality of food products and requirements for their safety are mandatory and must be included in the regulatory documentation for these products.
A durability period must be established for all food products, the quality and safety of which after a certain period may change and pose a danger to human life and health.
The production of novel food, and the introduction of new technological processes and/or equipment is allowed after their toxicological and hygienic examination, and for food raw materials of animal origin - after a veterinary and veterinary-sanitary examination carried out by the state veterinary service, and (or) obtaining a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion from the bodies carrying out state sanitary supervision, the veterinary conclusion of the state veterinary service on the compliance of products with established rules and regulations and the inclusion of these food products in the state register of food products.
All “novel food” is subject to registration and approval by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Service of Uzbekistan. The registration is performed on a case-by-case basis and it is recommended to contact the Service directly in order to commence the registration.
GMO
The content of GMOs exceeding 0.9% of the total product volume is prohibited. It is also not permitted to include GMOs in baby food.[1]
Extraction solvent
N/A
Food enzyme
N/A
3.9 References
1. Hygienic Norms for Food Safety, 0366-19
2. Special Technical Regulation MTR.007-2021 on the Safety of Grain Products adopted by Decree No. TR-21 of 29 January 2021
https://new.standart.uz/upload/file/tehreglament/str_7_1_2021_zerno_pererab_ru.pdf
3. Vitamin and mineral mix for the enrichment of wheat bakery flour, Technical Requirements(O'z DSt 3221:2017) adopted by Decree 05-882 of 28 September 2017
https://lex.uz/ru/docs/4939348
4. Vitamin and mineral mix for the enrichment of wheat bakery flour, Technical Requirements (O'z DSt 1098:2011) dated 17 October 2011
https://lex.uz/files/5011843.zip
5. Law of Uzbekistan No. 483-I of 30 August 1997 on Food Safety
https://lex.uz/ru/docs/18673?query=пищевых%20добавок#sr-1
6. Sanitary Rules 0296-11 Hygienic Requirements for the Production, Circulation, and Regulation of Food Additives
Not accessible online
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