8. Safety Parameters
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8. Safety Parameters
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General Foods
South Korea
This section provides the safety parameters (microbiological, contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary residues, and food contact materials).
8.1 Microbiological Standards
Provision | Limits | Testing Methods | |
Foodstuff/General Foods | Food Code | Difference from food categories in Food Code [1] | Microbiological test method [2] |
8.2 Contaminants and Heavy Metals
Provision | Limits | Testing Methods | |
Foodstuff/General Foods | Food Code | See the table below: Contaminants and Heavy metals in processed food | Test method on hazard substances in foods [3] |
8.2.1 Contaminants
8.2.1.1 Mycotoxin
1) Total aflatoxin (Sum of B1, B2, G1 and G2)
Commodity | Limit (μg/kg) | |
Processed foods | Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, and baby foods for infant/young children | Not more than 0.10 (applicable only to B1) |
Other foods except for IF, FF, BFIYC | Not more than 15.0 (however, not more than 10.0 for B1) | |
2) Aflatoxin M1
Commodity | Limit (μg/kg) |
Milk formulas (infant milk formulas, follow-up milk formulas); products containing milk components, among foods for special dietary use (infant formulas, follow-up formulas, baby foods for infants/young children, and special formulas for infants/young children) | Not more than 0.025 [For powder products, the limit shall be applied by considering consumption after dilution (manufacturer's recommended intake method)] |
3) Patulin
Commodity | Limit (μg/kg) |
Apple juice Apple juice concentrate (including those used as ingredients; converted by the concentration factor) |
Not more than 50 |
Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, and baby foods for infants/young children | Not more than 10.0 |
4) Fumonisin
Commodity | Limit (mg/kg, as the sum of B1 and B2) |
Simply treated sorghum (by grinding, cutting, etc.) | Not more than 4 |
Simply treated maize (by grinding and cutting, etc.) | Not more than 2 |
Processed cereal products containing 50% or more of simply treated maize or sorghum; |
Not more than 1 |
Cereals | |
Processed maize products for popcorn |
5) Ochratoxin A
Commodity | Limit (μg/kg) |
Simply treated grain products (by grinding and cutting, etc.) | Not more than 5.0 |
Coffee beans, roasted coffee |
|
Instant coffee | Not more than 10.0 |
Meju (fermented soybean lump) | Not more than 20 |
Hot pepper powder | Not more than 7.0 |
Grape juice, grape juice concentrate (including those used as ingredients; converted by the concentration factor), wine | Not more than 2.0 |
Dried fruits | Not more than 10.0 |
Nutmeg, turmeric, pepper | Not more than 15.0 |
Seasoning foods containing nutmeg, turmeric, or pepper | |
Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, and baby foods for infants/young children |
Not more than 0.50 |
6) Deoxynivalenol
Commodity | Limit (mg/kg) |
Grains and their simply treated products (such as by grinding and cutting, etc.; except simply treated maize) | Not more than 1 |
Simply treated maize (such as by grinding and cutting | Not more than 2 |
Cereals | Not more than 0.5 |
Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, and baby foods for infants/young children | Not more than 0.2 |
Noodles | Not more than 0.75 |
7) Zearalenone
Commodity | Limit (μg/kg) |
Simply treated grain products (by grinding and cutting, etc.) | Not more than 100 (not more than 200 for maize used for the production of starch or starch sugar) |
Confectionery | Not more than 50 |
Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, baby foods for infants/young children | Not more than 20 |
Cereals | Not more than 50 |
8.2.1.2 Dioxin
① Beef: Not more than 4.0 pg TEQ/g fat
② Pork: Not more than 2.0 pg TEQ/g fat
③ Chicken: Not more than 3.0 pg TEQ/g fat
8.2.1.3 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs)
Not more than 0.3 mg/kg (applicable only to fish)
8.2.1.4 Benzo(a)pyrene
- Edible fat and oil (Vegetable fats and oils, fish oil, other animal fats and oils, blended edible oil, flavored oil, processed fat and oil, shortening, margarine): Not more than 2.0 μg/kg.
- Sookjihawang (processed rehmannia root) and dried adhesive Rehmannia roots: Not more than 5.0 μg/kg.
- Smoked fish meat: Not more than 5.0 μg/kg (except dried products).
- Smoked dried fish meat: Not more than 10.0 μg/kg [Applied on a fresh weight basis (In case the water content changes due to drying process, such water content shall be considered for application.). This standard may not be applied only in cases where such product is used as an ingredient in water extract products; and benzo(a)pyrene shall not be detected in such water extracts].
- Fish: Not more than 2.0 μg/kg.
- Shellfish: Not more than 10.0 μg/kg.
- Mollusks (except for shellfish) and crustaceans: Not more than 5.0 μg/kg.
- Infant milk formulas, follow-up milk formulas, Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, cereal formulas for infants/young children, other foods for infants/young children, and special formulas for infants/young children: Not more than 1.0 μg/kg.
- Smoked meat products and their processed products: Not more than 5.0 μg/kg.
- Black ginseng (including its powder): Not more than 2.0 μg/kg.
- Black ginseng concentrate: Not more than 4.0 μg/kg.
8.2.1.5 3-MCPD (3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol) Limit
Commodity | Limit |
Acid hydrolyzed soy sauce, blended soy sauce (applicable only to those manufactured by mixing acid hydrolyzed soy sauce or its undiluted solution) | Not more than 0.02 mg/kg
|
Hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) | Not more than 1.0 mg/kg (based on a dry weight basis) |
8.2.1.6 Melamine Limit
Commodity | Limit |
Infant milk formulas, follow-up milk formulas, Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, baby foods for infants/young children, and foods for special medical purposes | Not detected |
All foods and food additives other than those specified above | Not more than 2.5 mg/kg |
8.2.1.7 Maximum Radioactivity Limit
Nuclides | Commodity | Limit (Bq/kg, L) |
131I | All foods | Not more than 100 |
134Cs ＋ 137Cs | Infant formulas, follow-up formulas, baby foods for infants/young children, special formulas for infants/young children, Infant milk formula, follow-up milk formula, milk and milk products, ice creams |
Not more than 50 |
Other foods except for those described above | Not more than 100 |
8.2.2 Heavy metals in processed foods
Commodity | Lead (mg/kg) | Arsenic (mg/kg) | Inorganic arsenic (mg/kg) |
| 1) Vegetable fats and oils, other animal fats and oils, blended edible oil, flavored oil, processed fat and oil, shortening, margarine | Not more than 0.1 | Not more than 0.1 | - |
2) Fish oil | Not more than 0.1 | - | Not more than 0.1* |
| 3) Infant milk formulas, follow-up milk formulas, infant formulas, follow-up formulas, cereal formulas for infants/young children, other foods for infants/young children, special formulas for infants/young children | Not more than 0.01 [In the case of powder products, the standard shall be applied by considering the consumption after dilution (manufacturer's recommended intake method)] |
- |
Not more than 0.1* (applicable only to foods processed with unpolished rice, rice bran, embryo bud of rice, seaweed fusiform, or gulf weed) |
4) Foods for special medical purposes (except for special formulas for infants/young children), confectionery, cereals, noodles |
- |
- | Not more than 0.1* (applicable only to foods processed with unpolished rice, rice bran, embryo bud of rice, seaweed fusiform, or gulf weed) |
| All food except for 2, 3, 4 above |
- |
- | Not more than 1* (applicable only to foods processed with unpolished rice, rice bran, embryo bud of rice, seaweed fusiform, or gulf weed) |
8.3 Pesticides
Provision | Limits | Testing Methods | |
Foodstuff/General Foods | Food Code | When pesticides are detected in processed foods for which no MRLs are set in Annex 4 of the Food Code (Standard of allowance level of pesticide in foods), the pesticide MRL is applied as follows. Residues may be permitted within the scope of the MRLs of the raw agricultural products; that is, the standards for ingredient agricultural products and livestock products shall apply according to the content of the ingredients. Also, in case of water content changes due to the drying process, etc., such water content shall be considered for application. 1) 7 times of the pesticide MRL in hot peppers shall be applied to dried hot pepper 2) 6 times of the MRL in teas, to green tea extracts 3) 4 times of the MRL in fresh ginseng, to dried ginseng and red ginseng 4) 8 times of the MRL in fresh ginseng, to ginseng and red ginseng concentrates 5) 10 times of MRL in herbs, to dried herbs | Test method of residual pesticides in foods [4] |
**Annex 4. Standard of allowance level of pesticide in foods: https://various.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/fsd/#/ext/Document/FC?searchNm=%EB%B3%84%ED%91%9C4&itemCode=FC0A074001002A168
8.4 Residual Veterinary Drug Standards
Provision | Limits | Testing Methods | |
Foodstuff/General Foods | Food Code | 1. Veterinary drugs listed in the List of veterinary drugs that should not be detected in foods* 3. No more than 0.01 mg/kg shall be applied to “cattle, swine, chicken, milk and egg” in livestock and “fish” in fishery products unless it's Maximum Residue The limit (MRL) is specified in this notification. 4. However, ‘not detected’ shall be applied to growth promoters (ingredients used for accelerating growth, increasing weight, etc.) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | Test method of residual veterinary drugs in foods [5] |
*Veterinary drugs listed below should not be detected in foods
No. | Substances that should not be detected in Foods* | |
Name of substance | Definition of residue | |
1 | Nitrofurans |
|
- Furazolidone | 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone(AOZ) | |
- Furaltadone | 3-Amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) | |
- Nitrofurazone | 1) Semicarbazide (SEM): apply only to the edible parts of non-heated livestock products and fishery products of animal origin (including simple cuts and excluding crustaceans) 2) Nitrofurazone: applicable only to crustacean | |
- Nitrofurantoine | 1-Aminohydantoin(AHD) | |
- Nitrovin | Nitrovin | |
2 | Carbadox | Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) |
3 | Olaquindox | 3-methyl quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) |
4 | Chloramphenicol | Chloramphenicol |
5 | Chlorpromazine | Chlorpromazine |
6 | Clenbuterol | Clenbuterol |
7 | Colchicine | Colchicine |
8 | Dapsone | Dapsone is the sum of dapsone and monoacetyl dapson |
9 | Diethylstilbestrol, DES | Diethylstilbestrol |
10 | Medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA | Medroxyprogesterone acetate |
11 |
Thiouracil | Tiouracil is the sum of 2-thiouracil, 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil and 6-phenyl- 2-thiouracil |
12 | GentianViolet, Crystal violet | Gentian violet is the sum of Gentian violet and Leuco–gentian violet |
13 | Malachite green | Malachite green is the sum of Malachite green and Leuco-malachite green |
14 | Methylene Blue | Methylene Blue is the sum of Methylene blue and Azure B |
15 |
Dimetridazole | Dimetridazole is the sum of Dimetridazole and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HMMNI) |
16 | Ipronidazole | Dimetridazole is the sum of Dimetridazole and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HMMNI) |
17 |
Metronidazole | Metronidazole is the sum of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimid azole(Metronidazole-OH) |
18 |
Ronidazole | Ronidazole is the sum of Ronidazole and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HM MNI) |
19 | Norfloxacin | Norfloxacin |
20 | Ofloxacin | Ofloxacin |
21 | Pefloxacin | Pefloxacin |
22 | Pyrimethamine | Pyrimethamine |
23 | Vancomycin | Vancomycin |
24 | Roxarsone | Roxarsone |
25 | Arsanilic acid | Arsanilic acid |
26 | Salbutamol | Salbutamol |
*Applicable only to livestock products and fishery products of animal origin as well as their processed foods.
8.5 Food Contact Materials
Provision | Limits | Testing Methods | |
Foodstuff/General Foods | Standards and specifications for utensils, containers, and packages at https://various.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/fsd/#/ext/Document/CP | Refer to below Limits of specification and migrant specification for each of the food contact materials | Test methods on Food contact materials [6] |
8.5.1. Allowed food contact materials
1. Synthetic Resin (Plastic Materials)
| Category | Subcategory | ||
| 1-1 Olefin-based Resins | a. Ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer | EVA | |
| b. Polymethylpentene | PMP | ||
| c. Polybutene-1 | PB-1 | ||
| d. Poly(vinyl alcohol) | PVA | ||
| e. Polyethylene | PE | ||
| f. Polypropylene | PP | ||
| 1-2 Ester-based Resins | a. Cross-linked polyester resin | - | |
| b. Butylenesuccinate copolymer | PBS | ||
| c. Butylenesuccinate-adipate copolymer | PBSA | ||
| d. Poly(butylene terephthalate) | PBT | ||
| e. Poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate) | PCT | ||
| f. Polyarylate | PAR | ||
| g. Poly(ethylene naphthalate) | PEN | ||
| h. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) | PET | ||
| i. Polylactide, poly(lactic acid) | PLA | ||
| j. Polycarbonate | PC | ||
| k. Hydroxybutyl polyester | HBP | ||
| l. Hydroxybenzoic acid polyester | - | ||
| 1-3 Styrene-based Resins | a. Methylmethacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer | MABS | |
| b. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer | ABS | ||
| c. Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer | AS | ||
| d. Polymethacrylstyrene | MS | ||
| e. Polystyrene | PS | ||
| 1-4 Amine-based Resins | a. Polyamide | PA | |
| b. Polyurethane | PU | ||
| c. Polyimide | PI | ||
| 1-5 Acrylic-based Resins | a. Acrylic resin | - | |
| b. Ionomeric resin | - | ||
| c. Polyacrylonitrile | PAN | ||
| 1-6 Aldehyde-based Resins | a. Melamine-formaldehyde resin | MF | |
| b. Urea-formaldehyde resin | UF | ||
| c. Phenol-formaldehyde resin | PF | ||
| d. Polyacetal, polyoxymethylene | POM | ||
| 1-7 Ether-based Resins | a. Polyacrylsulfone | PASF | |
| b. Polyetheretherketone | PEEK | ||
| c. Poly(ether sulfone) | PES | ||
| d. Poly(phenylene sulfide) | PPS | ||
| e. Poly(phenylene ether) | PPE | ||
| 1-8 Vinyl chloride-based Resins | a. Poly(vinyl chloride) | PVC | |
| b. Poly(vinylidene chloride) | PVDC | ||
| 1-9 Other Resins | a. Fluorocarbon resin | FR | |
| b. Epoxy resin | - | ||
| c. Polyketide | PK | ||
2. Regenerated cellulose
3. Rubber
4. Paper
5. Metal
6. Wood
7. Glass
8. Starch
8.5.2 Limits of specification and migrant specification of each food contact material
1. Synthetic Resin (Plastic Materials)
1-1 Olefin-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA)
| Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
| Lead | not more than 1 |
| Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
| Overall migration | not more than 30 |
| Vinyl acetate | not more than 12 |
b. Migrant Specification of Polymethylpentene (PMP)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 120 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
4-methyl-1-pentene | not more than 0.05 |
c. Migrant specification of Polybutene-1 (PB-1)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 150 if n-heptane used as the food simulant and using temperature is not higher than 100℃, and not more than 120 if n-heptane used as the food simulant and using temperature is higher than 100℃) |
d. Migrant specification Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Vinyl acetate | not more than 12 |
e. Migrant specification of Polyethylene (PE)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 150 if n-heptane used as the food simulant and using temperature is not more than 100℃) |
1-Hexene | not more than 3 |
1-Octene | not more than 15 |
f. Migrant specification of Polypropylene (PP)
Items | Specifications(mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 150 if n-heptane used as the food simulant and using temperature is not more than 100℃) |
1-2 Ester-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of cross-linked polyester resin
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Terephthalic acid | not more than 7.5 |
Isophthalic acid | not more than 5.0 |
b. Migrant specification of Butylenesuccinate copolymer (PBS)
1. In case starch is not included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1,4-Butanediol | not more than 5 |
2. In case starch is included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic(as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 (not applied to the non-water resistance containers) |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Fluorescent whitening agent | not detected |
1,4-Butanediol | not more than 5 |
c. Migrant migration of Butylenesuccinate-adipate copolymer (PBSA)
1. In case starch is not included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1,4-Butanediol | not more than 5 |
2. In case starch is included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic (as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 (not applied to the non-water resistance containers) |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Fluorescent whitening agent | not detected |
1,4-Butanediol | not more than 5 |
d. Migrant specification of Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Terephthalic acid | not more than 7.5 |
Isophthalic acid | not more than 5 |
1,4-Butanediol | not more than 5 |
e. Migrant specification of Poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene terephthalate) (PCT)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Antimony | not more than 0.04 |
Terephthalic acid | not more than 7.5 |
Isophthalic acid | not more than 5 |
f. Migrant specification of Polyarylate (PAR)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Terephthalic acid | not more than 7.5 |
Isophthalic acid | not more than 5 |
Bisphenol A (sum of phenol, bisphenol A and p-tert-butylphenol) | not more than 2.5 (bisphenol A only is not more than 0.6) |
g. Migrant specification of Poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
2,6-dimethylnaphthalene dicarboxylate | not more than 0.05 |
h. Migrant specification of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Antimony | not more than 0.04 |
Germanium | not more than 0.1 |
Terephthalic acid | not more than 7.5 |
Isophthalic acid | not more than 5 |
Acetaldehyde | not more than 6 |
I. Migrant specification of Polylactide(poly(lactic acid), PLA)
1. In case starch is not included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
2. In case starch is included
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic(as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 (not applied to non-water resistance containers) |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Fluorescent whitening agent | not detected |
j. Residue specification and migrant specification of Polycarbonate (PC)
1. Residue Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Amine (sum of triethylamine and tributylamine) | not more than 1 |
2. Migrant Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Bisphenol A (sum of phenol, bisphenol A and p-tert-butylphenol) | not more than 2.5 (bisphenol A only is not more than 0.6) |
Diphenylcarbonate | not more than 0.05 |
k. Migrant specification of Hydroxybutyl polyester (HBP)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
l. Migrant specification of Hydroxybenzoic acid polyester
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1-3 Styrene-based Resins
a. Residue specification and migrant specification of Methylmethacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (MABS)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) |
not more than 5,000 |
1,3-butadiene | not more than 1 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Methylmethacrylate | not more than 6 (applied only to the synthetic polymer containing not less than 50% of methylmethacrylate among the base polymers) |
Acrylonitrile | not more than 0.02 |
b. Residue specification and migrant specification of Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS)
1) Residue Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) | not more than 5,000 |
1,3-butadiene | not more than 1 |
2) Migrant Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 240 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
Acrylonitrile | not more than 0.02 |
c. Residue specification and migrant specification of Acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS)
1) Residue Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) | not more than 5,000 |
2) Migrant Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 240 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
Acrylonitrile | not more than 0.02 |
d. Residue specification and migrant specification of Polymethacrylstyrene (MS)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) | not more than 5,000 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 240 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
Methylmethacrylate | not more than 6 (applied only to the synthetic polymer containing not less than 50% of methylmethacrylate among the base polymers) |
e. Residue specification and migrant Polystyrene (PS)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) | not more than 5,000 (But, in the case of formed polystyrene used to boiling water, total amount of volatile organic compounds shall be not more than 2,000 and each amount of styrene and ethyl benzene among total volatile organic compounds are not more than 1,000) |
2) Residue Specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 240 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
1-4 Amine-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of Polyamide (PA)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Caprolactam | not more than 15 |
Primary aromatic amine (sum of aniline, 4,4'-methylenedianiline and 2,4-toluenediamine) |
not more than 0.01 |
Ethylenediamine | not more than 12 |
Hexamethylenediamine | not more than 2.4 |
Laurolactam | not more than 5 |
b. Migrant specification of Polyurethane (PU)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Isocyanate | not more than 0.1 |
4,4'-methylenedianiline | not more than 0.01 |
c. Migrant specification of Polyimide (PI)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1-5 Acrylic-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of Acrylic resin
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium Permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Methylmethacrylate | not more than 6 (applied only to the synthetic polymer containing not less than 50% of methylmethacrylate in the base polymers) |
b. Migrant specification of Ionomer resin
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
c. Migrant specification of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Acrylonitrile | not more than 0.02 |
1-6 Aldehyde-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Phenol | not more than 5 |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Melamine | not more than 2.5 |
b. Migrant specification of Urea-formaldehyde resin (UF)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Phenol | not more than 5 |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
c. Migrant specification of Phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Phenol | not more than 5 |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
d. Migrant specification of Polyacetal, Polyoxymethylene (POM)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
1-7 Ether-based Resins
a. Migrant specification of Polyarylsulfone (PASF)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Bisphenol A (sum of phenol, bisphenol A, and p-tert-butylphenol) | not more than 2.5 (bisphenol A only is not more than 0.6) |
4,4'-Dichlorodiphenylsulfone | not more than 0.05 |
b. Migrant specification of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Hydroquinone | not more than 0.6 |
c. Migrant specification of Poly(ethersulfone) (PES)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
4,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone | not more than 0.05 |
4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone | not more than 0.05 |
d. Migrant specification of Poly(phenylenesulfide) (PPS)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1,4-Dichlorobenzene | not more than 12 |
e. Residue specification and migrant specification of Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Volatile compound (sum of styrene, toluene, ethyl benzene, isopropyl benzene and n-propyl benzene) |
not more than 5,000 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1-8 Vinyl chloride-based Resins
a. Residue specification and migrant specification of Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Vinyl chloride | not more than 1 |
Dibutyltin compound (as dibutyltin dichloride) | not more than 50 |
Cresol esters of phosphoric acid | not more than 1,000 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 (not more than 150 if n-heptane is used as the food simulant) |
Di-butylphthalate | not more than 0.3 |
Benzyl-n-butylphthalate | not more than 30 |
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate | not more than 1.5 |
Di-n-octylphthalate | not more than 5 |
Diisononylphthalate and Diisodecylphthalate | not more than 9 (as sum) |
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate | not more than 18 |
b. Residue specification and migrant specification of Poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Vinylidene chloride | not more than 6 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Barium | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
1-9 Other Resins
a. Migrant specification of Fluorocarbon resin (FR)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
b. Residue specification and migrant specification of Epoxy resin
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Amine (sum of triethylamine and tributylamine) | not more than 1 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
Bisphenol A (sum of phenol, bisphenol A and p-tert-butylphenol) | not more than 2.5 (bisphenol A only is not more than 0.6) |
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (including bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dichloride and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dihydrate) |
not more than 1 |
Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (including bisphenol F diglycidyl ether dichloride and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether dihydrate) |
not more than 1 |
Epichlorohydrin | not more than 0.5 |
4,4-methylenedianiline | not more than 0.01 |
c. Migrant specification of Polyketone (PK)
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
2. Migrant specification of regenerated cellulose
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic(as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Overall migration | not more than 30 |
3. Residue specification and migrant specification of rubber
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
Lead | Rubber except rubber nipple: not more than 100 Rubber nipple: not more than 10 |
Cadmium | Rubber except rubber nipple: not more than 100 Rubber nipple: not more than 10 |
2-Mercaptoimidazoline | not detected (applied only to the rubber containing chlorine) |
1,3-butadiene | not more than 1 (applied only to the rubber material that contains 50% or more of 1,3-butadiene in base polymer) |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications |
Lead | not more than 1 mg/L |
Overall migration | Rubber except rubber nipple : not more than 60 mg/L Rubber nipple : not more than 40 mg/L |
Phenol | not more than 5 mg/L |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 mg/L |
Zinc | Rubber except rubber nipple : not more than 15 mg/L Rubber nipple : not more than 1 mg/L |
Items | Specifications |
N-Nitrosamines (sum of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-buthylamine, N-nitroso-piperidine, N-nitroso-pyrrolidine, N-nitroso morpholine) |
not more than 0.01 mg/kg (applied only to the rubber nipple) |
N-Nitrosatable substances (sum of N-nitrosodimethyl- amine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, N-nitrosodi-n-buthylamine, N-nitroso-piperidine, N-nitroso-pyrrolidine, N-nitroso morpholine) |
not more than 0.1 mg/kg (applied only to the rubber nipple) |
4. Residue specification and migrant specification of paper
1) Residue specification
Items | Specifications (mg/kg) |
PCBs | not more than 5 |
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic(as AS2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Fluorescent whitening agent | not detected |
5. Migrant specification of metal
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Lead | not more than 0.4 |
Cadmium | not more than 0.1 |
Nickel | not more than 0.1 |
Hexavalent chromium | not more than 0.1 |
Arsenic (as As2O3) | not more than 0.2 |
6. Residue specification and migrant specification of wood
1) Residue specification
If synthetic resin or rubber is used on the food-contact surface, Residue specification for corresponding individual materials must be applied.
2) Migrant specification
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic (as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Sulfur dioxide | not more than 12.8 |
Orthophenylphenol | not more than 7.3 |
Thiabendazole | not more than 1.8 |
Biphenyl | not more than 0.9 |
lmazalil | not more than 0.6 |
7. Migrant specification of glass, ceramic, porcelain enamel and pottery
1) Glass
Classification | Lead | Cadmium | ||
Sample's depth is over 2.5 cm When liquid is filled | Heat-cooking ware | not more than 0.5 mg/L | not more than 0.05 mg/L | |
Other than heat-cooking ware | less than 600 mL | not more than 1.5 mg/L | not more than 0.5 mg/L | |
600 mL and more, and less than 3 L | not more than 0.75 mg/L | not more than 0.25 mg/L | ||
3 L and more | not more than 0.5 mg/L | not more than 0.25 mg/L | ||
Sample that can not be filled with liquid or sample whose depth is less than 2.5 cm when liquid is filled | not more than 8 μg/cm2 | not more than
| ||
2) Ceramic and Pottery
Classification | Lead | Cadmium | Arsenic | ||
Sample's depth is over 2.5 cm When liquid is filled | Heat-cooking ware | not more than 0.5 mg/L | not more than 0.05 mg/L |
not more than 0.05 mg/L (as As2O3) (only limited to pottery) | |
Other than heat-cooking ware | less than 1.1 L | not more than 2 mg/L | not more than 0.5 mg/L | ||
1.1 L and more, and less than 3 L | not more than 1 mg/L | not more than 0.25 mg/L | |||
3 L and more | not more than 0.5 mg/L | not more than 0.25 mg/L | |||
Sample that can not be filled with liquid or sample whose depth is less than 2.5 cm when liquid is filled |
not more than 8 μg/cm2 |
not more than 0.7 μg/cm2 |
- | ||
8. Migrant specification of starch
Items | Specifications (mg/L) |
Arsenic (as As2O3) | not more than 0.1 |
Lead | not more than 1 |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 (not applied to the non-water resistance containers) |
Formaldehyde | not more than 4 |
Fluorescent whitening agent | Not detected |
Consumption of potassium permanganate | not more than 10 |
8.6 References
1. Korea Food Code
2. Chapter 8.4. Microbiological test method in Food Code
3. Chapter 8.9 Test method on hazard substances in foods in Food Code
4. Chapter 8.7 Test method of residual pesticides in foods
5. Test method of residual veterinary drugs in foods
6. Test method of food contact materials
https://various.foodsafetykorea.go.kr/fsd/#/ext/Document/CP?searchNm=%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC%20%EB%B0%8F%20%EC%9A%A9%EA%B8%B0%E2%80%A7%ED%8F%AC%EC%9E%A5%EC%9D%98%20%EC%8B%9C%ED%97%98%EB%B2%95&itemCode=CP00000000001A076
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